GLOW Tropic

Composition and Nonclinical Research Context

GHK-Cu

CAS#: 89030-95-5
FORMULA: C14H22CuN6O4
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 401.91 g/mol

 Connective-tissue formation in rats: Maquart et al. (1993) evaluated GHK-Cu in wound chambers implanted beneath the skin of rats. Compared with saline controls, GHK-Cu increased collagen and glycosaminoglycan accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating greater formation of the structural material surrounding cells. [1]

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GLUTATHIONE

CAS#: 70-18-8
FORMULA: C10H17N3O6S
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 307.32 g/mol

Liver injury in mice: Bajt et al. (2003) studied glutathione in a mouse model of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Glutathione administered after acetaminophen exposure reduced liver-cell death and circulating ALT activity—a marker of liver injury—by approximately 62–66% at 24 hours compared with acetaminophen alone. [2]

HISTIDINE

CAS#: 71-00-1
FORMULA: C6H9N3O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 155.15 g/mol

Intestinal inflammation in mice: Andou et al. (2009) investigated dietary histidine in a mouse model of experimentally induced colitis. Histidine reduced microscopic damage to colon tissue, colon weight, and expression of TNF-α, an inflammatory signaling molecule. These findings demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect within this experimental model. [3]

GLYCINE

CAS#: 56-40-6
FORMULA: C2H5NO2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 75.07 g/mol

Cell protection in isolated rat livers: Zhong et al. (1996) examined isolated rat livers exposed to reduced blood flow followed by restoration of flow. Glycine reduced liver-cell injury in a concentration-dependent manner. Under the tested conditions, cell death in previously oxygen-deprived regions decreased from approximately 30% to less than 10%. [4]

NADH

CAS#: 606-68-8
FORMULA: C21H27N7O14P2Na2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 709.4 g/mol

Spatial learning in aged rats: Rex et al. (2004) evaluated NADH in aged Wistar rats using the Morris water maze, a test of spatial learning and memory. Repeated NADH administration improved performance during learning and the subsequent spatial-memory test compared with vehicle controls. Motor coordination was unaffected in a separate test. [5]

References

1.GHK-Cu: Maquart FX et al. (1993). In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 92(5), 2368–2376.

2.Glutathione: Bajt ML et al. (2003). Scavenging peroxynitrite with glutathione promotes regeneration and enhances survival during acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 307(1), 67–73.

3.Histidine: Andou A et al. (2009). Dietary histidine ameliorates murine colitis by inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production from macrophages. Gastroenterology, 136(2), 564–574.e2.

4.Glycine: Zhong Z, Jones S, and Thurman RG. (1996). Glycine minimizes reperfusion injury in a low-flow, reflow liver perfusion model in the rat. American Journal of Physiology, 270(2 Pt 1), G332–G338.

5.NADH: Rex A, Spychalla M, and Fink H. (2004). Treatment with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) improves water maze performance in old Wistar rats. Behavioural Brain Research, 154(1), 149–153.